Phản ứng cháy của este

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">I. Phương pháp giải bài tập.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Este có công thức phân tử tương tự như axit cacboxylic, do có ít nhất 1 liên kết đôi trong nhóm chức nên ta luôn có: n_CO2 ≥ n_H2O<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chú ý hai dãy đồng đẳng sau đây.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpFirst" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Este no, đơn chức, mạch hở: C_nH_2nO₂ (k=1, vì đơn chức nên 1 lk pi nằm trong nhóm chức).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Khi cháy: C_nH_2nO₂ + O₂ </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> nCO₂ + nH₂O<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">n_CO2 = n_H2O<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Dãy este có CTPT C_nH_2n-2O_a (k=2, tương tự ankin hay ankaddien)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Khi cháy: C_nH_2n-2O₂ + O₂ </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> nCO₂ + (n-1)H₂O<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">n_este = n_CO2 – n_H2O<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpMiddle"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">TH1: a = 2 </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> C_nH_2n-2O₂: este đơn chức, mạch hở, không no chứa 1 liên kết đôi C=C.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraphCxSpLast"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">TH2: a = 4 </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> C_nH_2n-2O₄: este no, mạch hở, hai chức.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ngoài trường hợp này ra đề thi có thể cho những este có k > 2, khi đó chú ý tới công thức tổng quát: Este có độ bất bão hòa là k, có CT: C_nH_2n+2-2kO_a. Khi đó: n_este = (n_CO2 – n_H2O)/(k-1).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Khi k > Số nhóm chức este thì este đó là không no (có thể nằm ở gốc của axit hoặc gốc của ancol, khi đó cần sử dụng thêm các dữ kiện đề bài để xác định chính xác cấu tạo của este).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">II. Ví dụ<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ví dụ 1:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Đốt cháy este no, đơn chức X thu được số mol nước sinh ra bằng số mol O₂ tham gia phản ứng. Tên của X là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. Metyl fomat                     B. etyl axetat             C. n-propyl axetat                D. Metyl axetat<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hướng dẫn giải<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Dựa vào các đáp án </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> X là este no, đơn chức, mạch hở.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Phương pháp: Bảo toàn nguyên tố O (chú ý rằng với những bài toán cho dữ kiện về O₂ ta phải sử dụng bảo toàn O₂ theo một cách nào đó).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">X: C_nH_2nO₂ + O₂ </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> nCO₂ + nH₂O<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Cách 1: Viết và cân bằng phương trình phản ứng<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            C_nH_2nO₂ + (3n-2)/2O₂ </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> nCO₂ + nH₂O<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Theo giả thiết: (3n-2)/2 = n </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> n = 2, công thức phân tử của X là C₂H₄O₂, cấu tạo HCOOCH₃<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Đáp án A.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Cách 2: C_nH_2nO₂ + nO₂ </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> nCO₂ + nH₂O<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Bảo toàn nguyên tố O </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> 1.2 + n.2 = n.2 + n.1 </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> n = 2<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Đáp án A.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ví dụ 2:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Cho đốt cháy 0,11 gam este X tạo bởi axit đơn chức và ancol đơn chức. Sau phản ứng thu được 0,22 gam CO­₂ và 0,09 gam H₂O. Số este đồng phân của X là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. 4                             B. 6                             C. 5                             D. 2<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hướng dẫn giải<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Phương pháp<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Chú ý về việc phân tích lựa chọn dãy đồng đẳng (hạn chế số ẩn).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Để xác định được số đồng phân của X thì bước đầu tiên là xác định công thức phân tử.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khối lượng: Vì tất cả các dữ kiện đều ở dạng khối lượng (Vì biết m_este nhưng chưa biết công thức phân tử, nên không thể qui đổi về số mol được).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Sơ đồ: X         +          O₂        </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">        CO₂     +          H₂O<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            0,11                m                     0,22                0,09<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">m_O2 = 0,2 (gam) hay n_o2 = 0,00625 (mol)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Bài toán quay trở lại bài toán biết số mol của O₂.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Bảo toàn O: n_O(X) + n_O(O2) = n_O(CO2) + n_O(H2O) </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> n_O(X) = 0,0025 (mol)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Mà X là este đơn chức </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> n_X = ½ n_O(X) = 0,00125<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">M_X = 88, X là C₄H₈O₂ (có 4 đồng phân)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Đáp án A<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ví dụ 3:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 3,42 gam hỗn hợp gồm axit acrylic, vinyl axetat, metyl acrylat và axit oleic) rồi hấp thụ sản phẩm cháy vào bình đựng dung dịch Ca(OH)₂ dư, sau phản ứng thu được 18 gam kết tủa và dung dịch X. Khối lượng dung dịch X so với khối lượng dung dịch Ca(OH)₂ ban đầu thay đổi như thể nào:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. Giảm 7,74 gam                                         B. Tăng 7,92 gam<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            C. Tăng 2,7 gam                                            D. Giảm 7,38 gam<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hướng dẫn giải<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Khi cho sản phẩm cháy cho qua dung dịch nước vôi trong <b><i>dư</i></b> </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> chỉ tạo CaCO₃ kết tủa, do đó khối lượng của dung dịch luôn giảm. Loại đáp án B và C.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Biểu diễn các chất: axit acrylic CH₂=CH-COOH                      vinyl axetat CH₃COOCH=CH₂<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-left: 1.5in; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Metyl acrylat CH₂=CH-COOCH₃              axit oleic C₁₇H₃₃COOH<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            Như vậy tất cả các chất đều có k = 2 và có 2O trong phân tử<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoListParagraph" style="mso-list: l0 level1 lfo1; text-indent: -.25in;"> <!--[if !supportLists]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">-<span style="font-family: 'Times New Roman'; font-size: 7pt; line-height: normal;">         </span></span><!--[endif]--><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">CTPT chung cho tất cả các chất: C_nH_2n-2O₂ (M = 14n+30)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Cách 1: Gọi số mol của este là a. Ta có hệ phương trình:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            a(14n+30) = 3,42 và an = 0,18 </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> n = 6 và a = 0,03<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Cách 2: Phương trình cháy: C_nH_2n-2O₂ </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> nCO₂<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">                        Theo bài:       3,42 gam        0,18<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">                        Theo pứ:        14n + 30        n          <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Từ đó ta có: 3,42n = 0,18(14n+30) </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> n = 6 , n_hh = 0,03<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Số mol H₂O = n_CO2 – n_hh = 0,18 – 0,03 = 0,15 mol<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Khi đó: m_{dd giảm} = m_{kết tủa} – m_CO2 – m_H2O = 7,38 (gam)<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Đáp án D.<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-right: -31.5pt;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ví dụ 4:</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: 2.25pt; line-height: 97%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Đốt<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>cháy<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>hoàn<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>toàn<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>2,76<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">gam</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>hỗn<span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span>hợp<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>X<span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">gồm</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">C_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">x</span>}H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">y</span>}COOH,</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">C_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">x</span>}H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">y</span>}COOCH_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">3</span>},</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.2pt;"> </span>CH_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">3</span>}OH<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>thu<span style="letter-spacing: 2.05pt;"> </span>được<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>2,688<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">lít</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">CO_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(đktc)</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">và</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>1,8<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">gam</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}O.</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Mặt</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">khác,</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt;"> </span>cho<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">2,76</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>gam<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span>X<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>phản<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ứng</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">vừa</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span>đủ<span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">với</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>30<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span>ml<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt;"> </span>dung<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">dịch</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>NaOH<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">1M,</span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">thu</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">được</span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">0,96</span><span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">gam</span><span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">CH_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">3</span>}OH.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>Công<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">thức</span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">của</span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">C_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">x</span>}H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">y</span>}COOH</span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">là:</span><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 97%; margin-right: -31.5pt; text-indent: .5in;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 97%;">A.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.3pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; line-height: 97%;">C_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">3</span>}H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">5</span>}COOH.         </span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 97%;">B.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; line-height: 97%;">CH_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">3</span>}COOH.                       </span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 97%;">C.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; line-height: 97%;">C_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">3</span>}COOH.                     </span><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 97%;">D.<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; line-height: 97%;">C_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">5</span>}COOH.</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 97%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hướng dẫn giải<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ta có:  n_CO2 = 0,12 mol > n_H2O = 0,1 </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Loại đáp án B, D (vì nếu axit no, thì este cũng no, khi đó đốt cháy hỗn hợp ta phải có n_H2O > n_CO2).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Quan sát các đáp án </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> axit không no, 1 lk đôi, đơn chức.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ta có: n_CH3OH = 0,03 = n_este + n_{ancol<o:p></o:p>}</span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> _{<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">                </span>}<span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">n_NaOH = 0,03 = n_este + n_axit <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Từ đây ta có: n_axit = n_ancol </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> n_este = n_CO2 – n_H2O = 0,02; n_ancol = 0,01; n_axit = 0,01<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Khi đó: 2,76 = 0,02.M_este + 0,01.M_axit + 0,01.M_CH3OH </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Axit là C₂H₃COOH<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Đáp án C<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ví dụ 5:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 0,1 mol một loại chất béo thì thu được CO₂ và nước có số mol hơn kém nhau 0,6 mol. Nếu cho 0,3 mol chất béo này tác dụng vừa đủ với V lít dung dịch Br₂ 0,5M thì giá trị của V là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. 0,36                                   B. 3,6                          C. 2,4                          D. 1,2<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="center" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: center;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hướng dẫn giải<o:p></o:p></span></i></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Áp dụng công thức: n_béo = (n_CO2 – n_H2O)/(1-k) </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> k = 7.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Vì chất béo là trieste </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> trong phần gốc của các axit có 4 liên kết đôi. Khi phản ứng với Br₂ thì chỉ có các liên kết đôi mới cộng được Br­₂. <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Vậy:    Chất béo + 4Br₂ </span><span style="font-family: Wingdings; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%; mso-ascii-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-char-type: symbol; mso-hansi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-symbol-font-family: Wingdings;">à</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Sp<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Từ đó tính được V = 2,4 (lít).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div align="right" class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: right;"> <b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Đáp án C<o:p></o:p></span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Ví dụ 6:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 4,4 gam hợp chất hữu cơ đơn chức thu được sản phẩm cháy gòm 4,48 lít CO₂ (đktc) và 3,6 gam H₂O. Mặt khác, cho 4,4 gam X tác dụng với NaOH vừa đủ thì thu được 4,8 gam muối của axit hữu cơ Y và chất hữu cơ Z. Tên của X là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. Etyl propionat                                                      B. Etyl axetat                        <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">C. isopropyl axetat                                                   <i>D. Metyl propionat<o:p></o:p></i></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 13.0pt; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; mso-line-height-rule: exactly; text-align: justify;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ví dụ 7:</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Trong<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>một<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">bình</span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>kín<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>chứa<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">hơi</span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>chất<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">hữu</span><span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>cơ<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>X<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(có</span><span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>dạng<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>C_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">n</span>}H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2n</span>}O_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>})<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>mạch<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>hở<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">và</span><span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>O_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}<span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;"> </span>(số<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>mol<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">O_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;"> </span>gấp<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>đôi<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>số<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>mol<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>cần<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>cho<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>phản<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>ứng<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">cháy)</span><span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>ở<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">139,9<span style="mso-text-raise: 5.0pt; position: relative; top: -5.0pt;">o</span>C</span><span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>áp<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">suất</span><span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">trong</span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>bình<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">là</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>0,8<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">atm.</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">Đốt</span><span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>cháy<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>hoàn<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">toàn</span><span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>X<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">sau</span><span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>đó<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>đưa </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt;">về</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt;">nhiệt</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt;">độ<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>ban<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">đầu,</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>áp<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">suất</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">trong</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">bình</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">lúc</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>này<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">là</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>0,95<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">atm.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>X<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>có<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>công<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">thức</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>phân<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>tử<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">là:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="margin-left: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A.<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">4</span>}H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">8</span>}O_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}.                 </span><b><i><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">B.<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span></span></i></b><i><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">3</span>}H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">6</span>}O_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}.</span></i><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">                 <b>C.<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span></b><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">CH_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}O_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}.                  </span><b>D.<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span></b><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">C_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">4</span>}O_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 98%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 1.35pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b><i><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ví dụ 8:</span></i></b><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hỗn<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>hợp<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>Z<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">gồm</span><span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>hai<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">este</span><span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>X<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">và</span><span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>Y<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tạo</span><span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>bởi<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>cùng<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>một<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ancol</span><span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">và</span><span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>hai<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">axit</span><span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">cacboxylic</span><span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>kế<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tiếp</span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>nhau<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">trong</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>dãy<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>đồng<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>đẳng<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(M<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">X</span></span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;"> </span><<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>M<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">Y</span>).<span style="letter-spacing: 1.2pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Đốt</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>cháy<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>hoàn<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>toàn<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">gam</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>Z<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>cần<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>dùng<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>6,16<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span>lít<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>khí<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">O_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}</span><span style="letter-spacing: .05pt; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(đktc),</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">thu</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>được<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>5,6<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">lít</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.9pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>khí<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>CO_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}<span style="letter-spacing: 1.25pt; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;"> </span>(đktc)<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">và</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>4,5<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>gam<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}O.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>Công<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">thức</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">este</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>X<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">và</span><span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">giá</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>trị<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">của</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tương</span><span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>ứng<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 98%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: -31.5pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A.<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">(HCOO)_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}C_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">4</span>}</span><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.35pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">và</span><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: .75pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">6,6</span><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: .45pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.                           <b><i>B.<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span></i></b><i><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">HCOOCH_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">3</span>}</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">và</span><span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">6,7.</span></i><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;"><o:p></o:p></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 98%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: -31.5pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C.<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">CH_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">3</span>}COOCH_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">3</span>}<span style="letter-spacing: 1.5pt; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">và</span><span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">6,7.                              </span><b>D.<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span></b><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">HCOOC_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">5</span>}</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.45pt; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">và</span><span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">9,5.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 98%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 1.35pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b><i><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Ví dụ 9:</span></i></b><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.0pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Hỗn<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>hợp<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>X<span style="letter-spacing: 1.1pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">gồm</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>hai<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span>este<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">no,</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>đơn<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>chức,<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span>mạch<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">hở.</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.15pt;"> </span>Đốt<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>cháy<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>hoàn<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>toàn<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>một<span style="letter-spacing: 1.05pt;"> </span>lượng<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>X<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span>cần<span style="letter-spacing: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">dùng</span><span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">vừa</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>đủ<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>3,976<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>lít<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>khí<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.15pt;">O_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.6pt; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(ở</span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">đktc),</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>thu<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">được</span><span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>6,38<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>gam<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">CO_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Mặt</span><span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">khác,</span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>X<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tác</span><span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">dụng</span><span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">với</span><span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>dung<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>dịch<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">NaOH,</span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">thu</span><span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>được<span style="letter-spacing: 3.15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>một<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>muối<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>và<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>hai<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">ancol</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">là</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>đồng<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>đẳng<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>kế<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tiếp.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>Công<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">thức</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>phân<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tử</span><span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>của<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>hai<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">este</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">trong</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>X<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">là:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 98%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: -31.5pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">A.<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">4</span>}O_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}</span><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.5pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">và</span><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: .55pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">3</span>}H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">6</span>}O_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}</span><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: -.6pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">.                                <b>B.<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span></b>C_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">3</span>}H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">4</span>}O_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}<span style="letter-spacing: 1.35pt; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">và</span><span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">C_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">4</span>}H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">6</span>}O_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 98%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: .5in; margin-right: -31.5pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b><i><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C.<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span></span></i></b><i><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">3</span>}H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">6</span>}O_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.55pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;"> </span></i><i><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">và</span></i><i><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></i><i><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">4</span>}H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">8</span>}O_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">.</span></span></i><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">                                 </span><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">D.<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span></span></b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">4</span>}O_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}</span><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: 1.55pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman"; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: -.1pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">và</span><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">C_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">5</span>}H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">10</span>}O_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">.<o:p></o:p></span></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 98%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: -31.5pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <br /></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 98%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: -31.5pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><b style="line-height: 98%;"><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 98%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">III. Bài tập tự luyện</span></b></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 1:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 0,1 mol hỗn hợp X gồm hai este đồng đẳng kế tiếp thu được 5,6 lít CO₂ (đktc) và 4,5 gam H₂O. Số mol của mỗi este lần lượt là: <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. 0,04 và 0,06         B. 0,08 và 0,02                      C. 0,05 và 0,05          D. 0,045 và 0,055<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 2:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Hỗn hợp Z gồm 2 este X và Y tạo bởi cùng một ancol và hai axit cacboxylic đồng đẳng kế tiếp (M_X < M_Y). Đốt cháy hoàn toàn m gam Z cần dùng 6,16 lít khí O₂ (đktc) và 4,5 gam H₂O. Công thức este X và giá trị của m tương ứng là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. CH₃COOCH₃ và 6,7                                            B. HCOOC₂H₅ và 9,5<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            C. HCOOCH₃ và 6,7                                     D. (HCOO)₂C₂H₄ và 6,6<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 3:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Đốt cháy hoàn toàn m gam hỗn hợp X gồm các este no, đơn chức, mạch hở. Sản phẩm cháy được dẫn vào bình đựng nước vôi trong dư thấy khối lượng của bình tăng 6,2 gam. Số mol CO₂ và H₂O sinh ra lần lượt là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. 0,1 và 0,1              B. 0,01 và 0,1                        C. 0,1 và 0,01            D. 0,01 và 0,01<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 4:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> X là một este tạo bởi axit không no chứa một nối đôi, đơn chức mạch hở và ancol no, đơn chức mạch hở. Đốt cháy hoàn toàn a mol X thu được 22,4 lít CO₂ (đktc) và 13,5 gam H₂O. Trị số của a và công thức phân tử của X lần lượt là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. 0,75 và C₄H₆O₂B. 0,25 và C₄H₆O₂                C. 0,25 và C₅H₈O₂D. 0,5 và C₄H₆O₂<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 5:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Hỗn hợp X gồm các este no, đơn chức, mạch hở. Đốt cháy hoàn toàn m gam hỗn hợp X bằng một lượng oxi vừa đủ. Toàn bộ sản phẩm cháy được dẫn chậm qua dung dịch H₂SO₄ đặc, dư thấy khối lượng bình axit tăng m gam và có 13,44 lít CO₂ lít khí (đktc) thoát ra. Giá trị của m là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. 5,4                          B. 7,2                                      C. 10,8                        D. 14,4<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 6:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Đốt cháy hoàn toàn a gam hỗn hợp X gồm các este no, đơn chức, mạch hở rồi cho toàn bộ sản phẩm cháy vào bình đựng dung dịch Ca(OH)₂ dư, thu được m gam kết tủa và khối lượng dung dịch thu được sau phản ứng giảm 58,9 gam. Giá trị của m là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. 95                           B. 115                                     C. 135                         D. 155<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 7:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Hỗn hợp X gồm CH₃COOH và C₃H₇OH với tỉ lệ mol 1:1. Chia X thành hai phần bằng nhau.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            <i>- Phần 1:</i> Đem đốt cháy hoàn toàn thu được 2,24 lít khí CO₂ (đktc).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            <i>- phần 2:</i> Đem este hóa thu được este Y với hiệu suất 100%, sau đó đem đốt cháy hoàn toàn Y thì khối lượng H₂O thu được là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. 1,8 gam                 B. 2,7 gam                              C. 3,6 gam                  D. 0,9 gam<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 8:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Đốt cháy hoàn toàn m gam hỗn hợp các este no, đơn chức, mạch hở rồi dẫn toàn bộ sản phẩm cháy vào bình đựng dung dịch Ba(OH)₂ dư, sau khi kết thúc thí nghiệm thấy khối lượng bình tăng 1,55 gam và có m gam kết tủa. Giá trị của m là: <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. 6,895                     B. 4,925                                 C. 11,65                     D. 9,85<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 9:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 0,1 mol este X rồi cho toàn bộ sản phẩm cháy vào bình (1) đựng P₂O₅ dư, bình (2) đựng dung dịch NaOH dư, sau phản ứng khối lượng bình (1) tăng 7,2 gam, bình (2) thu được 42,4 gam muối. Mặt khác nếu cho 0,1 mol X tác dụng hết với NaOH thì thu được 8,2 gam muối. Tên gọi của X là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. propyl axetat        B. metyl propionat               C. etyl axetat             D. vinyl axetat<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 10:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 0,1 mol este X thu được 0,3 mol CO₂ và 0,3 mol H₂O. Nếu cho 0,1 mol X tác dụng hết với NaOH thì thu được 8,2 gam muối. CTCT của X là: <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. HCOOC₂H₃           B. CH₃COOCH₃                    C. HCOOC₂H₅           D. CH₃COOC₂H₅<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 11:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Đốt cháy hoàn toàn một lượng hỗn hợp hai este, cho sản phẩm cháy đi qua bình đựng P₂O₅ dư, khối lượng bình tăng thêm 6,21 gam, sau đó cho tiếp qua dung dịch Ca(OH)­₂ dư, thu được 34,5 gam kết tủa. Các este trên thuộc loại gì?<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. Este no                                                                  B. Este no, đơn chức, mạch hở       <o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">C. Este không no                                                      D. Este không no, đa chức.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 12:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Este X có đặc điểm sau:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            - Đốt cháy hoàn toàn X tạo thành CO₂ và H₂O có số mol bằng nhau.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            - Thủy phân X trong môi trường axit được chất Y (tham gia phản ứng tráng gương) và chất Z (có số nguyên tử cacbon bằng nửa số nguyên tử cacbon có trong X).<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Phát biểu không đúng là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">                        A. Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 1 mol X tạo thành 2 mol CO₂ và 2 mol H₂O.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">                        B. Chất Y tan vô hạn trong nước.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">                        C. Chất X thuộc loại este no, đơn chức, mạch hở.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">                        D. Đun Z với dung dịch H₂SO₄ đặc ở 170^oC thu được anken.<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 13:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Khi đốt cháy hoàn toàn một este X cho số mol CO₂ bằng số mol H₂O. Thủy phân hoàn toàn 6,0 gam este X cần vừa đủ dung dịch chứa 0,1 mol NaOH. CTPT của este là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. C₂H₄O₂B. C₃H₆O₂C. C₄H₈O₂                  D. C₅H₈O₄<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 14:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 3,7 gam chất hữu cơ X cần dùng vừa đủ 3,92 lít O₂ (đktc).  Thu được co₂ và H₂O  có tỉ lệ số mol là 1:1, X tác dụng với KOH tạo ra hai chất hữu cơ. Số đồng phân cấu tạo của X thỏa mãn điều kiện trên là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. 1                             B. 2                                         C. 3                             D. 4<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 15:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Đốt cháy hoàn toàn a mol este X tạo bởi rượu no đơn chức, mạch hở và axit không no có một nối đôi, đơn chức, mạch hở thu được 11,2 lít CO₂ (đktc) và 7,2 gam H₂O. Giá trị của a và CTPT của X là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. 0,1 và C₄H₆O₂      B. 0,2 và C₅H₈O₂                  C. 0,15 và C₄H₆O₂    D. 0,1 và C₅H₈O₂<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 16:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Đốt cháy hoàn toàn a gam hỗn hợp hai este no, đơn chức mạch hở. Sản phẩm cháy được dẫn vào bình đựng dung dịch Ca(OH)₂ dư, thấy khối lượng bình tăng 12,4 gam và tạo ra m gam kết tủa. Giá trị của m là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. 12,4                       B. 10                                       C. 20                           D. 28,18<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 17:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Cho lượng CO₂ thu được khi đốt cháy hoàn toàn 0,2 mol hỗn hợp X gồm HCOOC₂H₅ và CH₃COOCH₃ qua 2 lít dung dịch NaOH 0,4M. Khối lượng muối thu được sau phản ứng là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. 42,8 gam               B. 50,4 gam                           C. 54,8 gam               D. 63,6 gam<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 18:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Khi đốt cháy hoàn toàn một este no, đơn chức, mạch hở thu được số mol CO₂ bằng số mol O₂ đã phản ứng. Tên gọi của este là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. metyl fomat          B. etyl axetat                         C. propyl axetat        D. metyl axetat<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 19:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Đốt cháy  hỗn hợp hai este no, đơn chức ta thu được 1,8 gam H₂O. Thủy phân hoàn toàn hỗn hợp hai este trên ta thu được hỗn hợp X gồm ancol và axit. Nếu đốt cháy hoàn toàn ½ hỗn hợp X thì thể tích CO₂ thu được là bao nhiêu?<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. 1,12 lít                   B. 2,24 lít                               C. 3,36 lít                   D. 4,48 lít<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 20:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> E là este của axit cacboxylic no, đơn chức mạch hở X và ancol không no có một nối đôi, đơn chức, mạch hở Y. Đốt a mol E thu được b mol CO₂, đốt a mol X thu được c mol CO₂, đốt a mol Y thu được 0,5b mol H₂O. Quan hệ giữa b và c là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. b=c                                    B. b=2c                                  C. c=2b                      D. b=3c<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 21:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Đốt cháy hoàn toàn m gam este X cần 5,6 lít O₂ (đktc) thu được 12,4 gam hỗn hợp Y gồm khí CO₂ và hơi nước có tỉ khối so với H₂ bằng 15,5. Mặt khác cho X qua LiAlH₄, t⁰ thu được chất hữu cơ duy nhất. X là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. metyl propionat   B. propyl propionat             C. etyl axetat             D. metyl fomat<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 22:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Đốt cháy hoàn toàn 4,3 gam este đơn chức, mạch hở X thu được 0,2 mol CO₂ và 0,15 mol H₂O. Số đồng phân cấu tạo của X là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. 2                             B. 6                                         C. 4                             D. 5<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">Câu 23:</span></i></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;"> Đốt cháy hoàn toàn a gam hỗn hợp X gồm các este no, đơn chức, mạch hở. Toàn bộ sản phẩm cháy được dẫn vào bình đựng dung dịch Ca(OH)₂ dư, sau phản ứng thấy khối lượng bình tăng 34,1 gam và thu được m gam kết tủa. Giá trị của m là:<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 107%;">            A. 55                           B. 60                                       C. 75                           D. 27,5<o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 101%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 1.35pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b><i><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 101%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Câu<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>24:</span></i></b><b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: .6pt; line-height: 101%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 101%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Đốt<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>cháy<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>hoàn<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>toàn<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>một<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>este<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">đơn</span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">chức,</span><span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>mạch<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>hở<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>X<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(phân</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>tử<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>có<span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">số</span><span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span>liên<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">kết</span><span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: Symbol; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 101%; mso-bidi-font-family: Symbol; mso-fareast-font-family: Symbol;">p<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 101%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";">nhỏ<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">hơn</span><span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span>3),<span style="letter-spacing: .85pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">thu</span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>được<span style="letter-spacing: 1.85pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>thể<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tích</span><span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>khí<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">CO_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.55pt; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;"> </span>bằng<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>6/7<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">thể</span><span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tích</span><span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>khí<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>O_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;"> </span>đã<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>phản<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>ứng<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>(các<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">thể</span><span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tích</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>khí<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>đo<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>ở<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>cùng<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">điều</span><span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">kiện).</span><span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>Cho<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>gam<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>X </span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 101%;">tác<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>dụng<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>hoàn<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">toàn</span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">với</span><span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">200</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>ml<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>dung<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">dịch</span><span style="letter-spacing: .75pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">KOH</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>0,7M<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">thu</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>được<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>dung<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>dịch<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>Y.<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>Cô<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>cạn<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>Y<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">thu</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>được<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">12,88</span><span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">gam</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.45pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>chất<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">rắn</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">khan.</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Giá</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">trị</span><span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>của<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>m<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>là:</span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 101%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoNormal" style="line-height: 101%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: -31.5pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 101%;">A.<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">8,88.                                  </span>B.<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>6,66<span style="letter-spacing: .2pt;"> </span>.                     C.<span style="letter-spacing: .95pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">10,56.                    </span>D.<span style="letter-spacing: .8pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">7,20.</span></span><span style="font-family: "Times New Roman","serif"; font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 101%; mso-fareast-font-family: "Times New Roman";"><o:p></o:p></span></div> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: 1.35pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify;"> <b><i><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 100%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";">Câu<span style="letter-spacing: .25pt;"> </span>25:</span></i></b><b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: .55pt; line-height: 100%; mso-bidi-font-family: "Times New Roman";"> </span></b><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: -.05pt; line-height: 100%;">Hỗn</span><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; letter-spacing: .45pt; line-height: 100%;"> </span><span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 100%;">hợp<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>M<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">gồm</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>ancol<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">no,</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>đơn<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">chức</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>X<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">và</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">axit</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">cacboxylic</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">đơn</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">chức</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>Y,<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>đều<span style="letter-spacing: .3pt;"> </span>mạch<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>hở<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">và</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">có</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>cùng<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">số</span><span style="letter-spacing: 2.55pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">nguyên</span><span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">tử</span><span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">C,</span><span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span>tổng<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>số<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">mol</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>của<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>hai<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>chất<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">là</span><span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">0,5</span><span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>mol<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">(số</span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span>mol<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>của<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>Y<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>lớn<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">hơn</span><span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">số</span><span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>mol<span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">của</span><span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">X).</span><span style="letter-spacing: .7pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Nếu</span><span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>đốt<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">cháy</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>hoàn<span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>toàn<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>M<span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>thì<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>thu<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">được</span><span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">33,6</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>lítkhí<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>CO_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}<span style="letter-spacing: 1.4pt; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">(đktc)</span><span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">và</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>25,2<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>gam<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}O.<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">Mặt</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">khác,</span><span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">nếu</span><span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span>đun<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>nóng<span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span>M<span style="letter-spacing: .65pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">với</span><span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">H_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">2</span>}SO_{<span style="mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;">4</span>}</span><span style="letter-spacing: 1.65pt; mso-text-raise: -1.0pt; position: relative; top: 1.0pt;"> </span>đặc<span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">để</span><span style="letter-spacing: 3.15pt; mso-font-width: 102%;"> </span>thực<span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span>hiện<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>phản<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>ứng<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>este<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>hoá<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span>(hiệu<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">suất</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">là</span><span style="letter-spacing: .45pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">80%)</span><span style="letter-spacing: .55pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.1pt;">thì</span><span style="letter-spacing: .6pt;"> </span>số<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>gam<span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">este</span><span style="letter-spacing: .5pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">thu</span><span style="letter-spacing: .35pt;"> </span>được<span style="letter-spacing: .4pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">là:<o:p></o:p></span></span></div> <br /> <div class="MsoBodyText" style="line-height: 100%; margin-bottom: .0001pt; margin-bottom: 0in; margin-left: 0in; margin-right: -31.5pt; margin-top: 0in; text-align: justify; text-indent: .5in;"> <span style="font-size: 13.0pt; line-height: 100%;">A.<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">34,20.                                </span>B.<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">18,24.                    </span>C.<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">27,36.                    </span>D.<span style="letter-spacing: .9pt;"> </span><span style="letter-spacing: -.05pt;">22,80.</span><o:p></o:p></span></div> </div>

Phản ứng cháy của este

I. Phương pháp giải bài tập. Este có công thức phân tử tương tự như axit cacboxylic, do có ít nhất 1 liên kết đôi trong nhóm chức nên ta...

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